ABSTRACT
In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography method was established to simultaneously determine three flavonoids including hesperidin (HES), nobiletin (NOB) and tangeretin (TAN) in 10 batches of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' planted and collected in Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province. Moreover, we studied the metabolism and transformation of three flavonoids in liver and intestinal flora in vitro, and sequenced 16S rRNA of bacteria flora samples after incubation. The RP-HPLC system consisted of Alltima C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and a mobile phase of water (A) - methanol (B). The column temperature was 25 ℃ and the detection wavelength was both 283 nm and 330 nm while the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. The results showed that the retention time of HES, NOB and TAN ranged from 12.313 min to 34.271 min. The content of HES, NOB and TAN in 10 batches of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' was 26.81-39.80 mg·g-1, 4.06-7.90 mg·g-1 and 1.81-3.93 mg·g-1, respectively. There were differences in the content of flavonoids in different batches and growing areas. The three flavonoids were metabolized in various degrees after incubation of rat and human liver S9, cytosol, microsomes or intestinal flora in vitro, especially HES. The results of 16S rRNA showed that the main flavonoids of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' could regulate lipid metabolism by regulating intestinal flora related to energy metabolism. This study established a rapid, simple, reproducible and stable quantitative analysis method for detecting the main flavonoids in Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' which evaluated the content of flavonoids from Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' in different growing areas and different storage periods. The intestinal bacteria can metabolize and transform the flavonoids of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' to varying degrees, which provides a valuable scientific basis for the subsequent study on the material basis of the efficacy of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' from the perspective of metabolism. Animal experiments were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College (No. 20190419).
ABSTRACT
According to relative research and foreign references, we summarized the experimental method, drug metabolism type, and applicability of drug metabolism model in zebrafish. Zebrafish successfully simulated the mammals in phase I metabolism, phase II metabolism, intestinal bacteria metabolism, and multiway in vivo metabolism. Zebrafish is suitable for in vivo metabolism of trace monomeric compounds and their combinations, and is benefit for the efficient enrichment of metabolites in simple way. It has the advantages of simplity, high efficiency, low cost, and less amount of compound (a few mg) etc. It is a very prospect organisms model for early and rapid prediction of in vivo metabolism of trace elements.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the gastrointestinal metabolic transformation of polydatin, one of the main bioactive components in Rhizoma Polygoni, thus to figure out the possible biological modification exerted by rat intestinal bacteria in vitro and in vivo, and to determine the possible metabolites. METHODS: The biological samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) after treatments, respectively. RESULTS: Two main compounds, polydatin and resveratrol, were identified in rat gastrointestinal contents 4 h after the ig administration of polydatin 1500 mg·kg-1. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that polydatin could be metabolized to resveratrol by rat intestinal bacteria through desugarization. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
ABSTRACT
AIM: The metabolites of scutellarin were studied in gastrointestinal tract.METHODS: Scutellarin was hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and ?-glucuronidase.Human intestinal flora and scutellarin were incubated in vitro.The metabolites were identified by UPLC-MS/MS method.RESULTS: Scutellarin could be hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and ?-glucuronidase,and could be metabolized by human intestinal bacteria.A main metabolite,scutellarein,also was found in the plasma of healthy volunteers after oral administration.CONCLUSION: There were scutellarin and scutellarein in intestinal before absorption.It was suitable for scutellarin pharmacokinetic studies to determine scutellarein or total aglycone.